Top private high schools in seoul south korea for international students. Jul 24, 2020 · Top Business Schools in South Korea.
Seoul National University (SNU) - College of Medicine. Book the best English course in Seoul on Language International: Read student reviews and compare course prices at English schools in Seoul, South Korea. [2] The school was first located on the campus of Konkuk University where a new classroom facility was completed in 1976. Percentage of International Students. Yeungnam University. Yonsei University. Generally, the purpose of the most high schools in South Korea is to prepare students for the CSAT, but HAS has As a pioneering International Baccalaureate school in South Korea, Dwight Seoul is the first Continuum School in Seoul authorized to offer the Primary Years Program (PYP), Middle Years Program (MYP), and Diploma Program (DP). Our curricular design, commitment to applied learning, and co-curricular activities create opportunities for students to connect to their learning, transfer knowledge and skills, and engage with their community. Korea National University of Arts. Considered the Harvard of South Korea, Seoul National University ranks 29th in the world for its academic programming. Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Korea Advanced Institute of Science May 20, 2020 · Medical Schools in Korea. It is housed in the SNU Yeongeon campus, which is in the northeastern part of Seoul. Dec 27, 2022 · Best for top-ranked education. Well-known for its high-achieving students, South Korea’s education system is quite demanding. The nation is 99,313 square kilometres in size and has 2,413 kilometres of coastline. Cheongna Dalton School is located in Cheongna International City, conveniently situated in the middle of the two major metropolises – Seoul and Incheon. TOTAL for first year. Kyung Hee University, also known as KHU, is a prestigious private institution in Seoul, South Korea. 062-575-0900. Kwangwoon University. Reputation: One of the top universities in South Korea, known for its excellence in medical education and research. program with a mix of domestic and international legal studies. The university is currently ranked in the top 150 universities in the QS University rankings. Business School Link. Admissions | Tuition Fees | Scholarships; Location: Seoul, South Korea | Medium of Instruction: Korean, English; Presently, Hanyang University might be one of the leading private research universities in South For students in grades K–12, there is a coed international school called the Korea International School. 🏠 Cost of living: $1,100-$1,600. Kyung Hee University, one of the best universities in Korea for international students, is part of an academic system that provides education from kindergarten to graduate studies. International students are allowed to engage in part-time work or internships that lasts maximum 20 hours/week during the semester, and unlimited work during holidays. #355 in World. Tel North London Collegiate School Jeju. Providing a rich learning environment, our highly educated, innovative and caring faculty are recruited from around the globe and deliver exceptional teaching with A high ranking university: Konkuk University is ranked in the top 10 of South Korea’s private universities and top 100 in Asia. 106 Samsoro, Buk-gu, SEOUL & GYEONGGIDO 61005, KOREA. Korea Maritime and Ocean University. Ages. This ranking reflects the institution's commitment to excellence in legal studies, research, and Our Philosophy. The business school of Seoul National University is known for its world-class faculty and its connection to various international universities. GDA Junior. Co-Education. Seoul National University . Key Information . Homestay for language and culture immersion. With a rich history of academic excellence that dates back to 1872, our commitment to delivering globally-recognized Aug 16, 2019 · Korea University is a private research university based in Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Science High School is widely regarded as Korea‘s List of 10 Best Medical Schools in South Korea 1. Seoul: South Korea’s capital isn’t just an international hub, it’s also an educational powerhouse. We provide a well-rounded experience anchored in the values of truth, excellence, and diversity. " [Teaching Quality] GKLS teachers are all qualified and experienced in teaching Korean. Studying abroad in South Korea during high school can take many forms, from the traditional exchange program to experiential learning and service learning projects. Intent Forms collected: February 16, 2024. It is ranked #162 in QS World University Rankings 2025. QS World Ranking. Annual. Seoul Performing Arts High School. From 3 to 18 yo. ₩35,184,355. TCIS was the first school in South Korea to offer all three International Baccalaureate (IB) programs for students such as PYP, MD, and DP. Pre-K to grade 12, global teachers and students, diverse curriculums and programs, balanced holistic education. YISS High School Profile 2023. International Number of students - 4,183. Avalon English School. Spending a semester, summer, or even a few weeks in Korea during school is about more than just beefing up your resume for college applications. $397. 5. The Seoul National University was established in 1946, and it is the leading medical school in Korea. Jun 2, 2023. SIS Tigers have the hearts of champions! At Seoul International School, we offer a robust athletics and activities program that competes in both the Korea American Interscholastic Athletics Conference (KAIAC) and Association of International Schools in Asia (AISA). Our academic results are outstanding and our pastoral care and co curricular programme make us second to none. Now that we have reviewed the underlying Korean education context, let‘s examine the 10 best high schools in Korea, selected based on national rankings, college admissions, academic excellence, and breadth of offerings: 1. Language. M. A non-refundable installment fee is applied to installment payment plans (Option 2 or 3). The averageMBBS in South Korea costsrange from KRW 10,547,600 to KRW 19,776,750 234 Global edu-ro, Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo-si Jeju-do, South Korea 63644 82649025000 Rankings & ratings. CMIS Canada is an international school in Seoul teaching the Canadian curriculum. 7-16, Nambusunhwan-ro 364-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, SEOUL & GYEONGGIDO, KOREA. Study on university campus. Kyungpook National University International Graduate Scholarship. Dong-ah Institute of Media and Arts. American. KFS serves the needs of the Korean and International children from grade 1 through grade 12. Since most residents in Seoul take the education of their children very seriously, schools in Seoul assure all parents that their children will receive the best that they deserve. Nursing Program Link; Degrees Offered: Bachelor’s, Master’s, and PhD; Seoul National University is considered the most prestigious institution in South Korea. Yonsei University ‘s College of Nursing is the best nursing school in Korea based on rankings and student satisfaction. Korea Foreign School is an IB World School provides a concept-driven, inquiry-based curriculum that puts the learner at the centre. # 162. Seoul National University (SNU) College of Medicine. It offers several scholarships, one of which is the KINGS Award, which is granted to 70 foreign graduate students every year. Local subway stations and city bus routes provide easy access Nov 20, 2020 · Fees at International Schools in South Korea can be comparable to their foreigner-focused counterparts. ₩18,040,000. $691. Hanyang University. Updated November 20, 2023. This is one of the best international schools in South Korea. The best way to choose the ideal school for your Salary & Cost of Living: Salary: Most English teachers in Seoul can make anywhere from $1500 to over $2000 USD per month. Yongsan International School of Seoul (YISS) is a private, K-12 school that offers an American curriculum to students from more than 50 countries. It is one of Seoul's leading universities for international students with a popular Korean Language Institute and many undergraduate programs taught in English. Find all the information: tuition fees, curriculum, reviews, location and more or request Rankings & ratings. Christian Schools are very popular in South Korea. 15 reviews. Re-enrollment Payment for Returning Students: March 4, 2024. Korea Foreign School. Asia Pacific International School, 57 Wolgye-ro 45ga-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01874, Korea,+82 (2) 907 2747, apis@apis. Jun 25, 2024 · If you’ve never been to Korea, you may not have a clue about the best places to study abroad as an international student. Conveniently located just south of Seoul, Seoul International School provides a safe and secure learning environment for your child. 16. apis. IELTS for International Students. 💸 Average tuition for a semester: $4,600-$5,800. MBBS in South Koreatypically has a duration of six years. Asia Exchange, a leading provider of Korean student exchange programs since the mid-2000s, offers Korean language classes alongside your studies. 33 Global edu-ro 145beon-gil Daejeong-eup Seogwipo-si Jeju-do 63644, South Korea. Seoul International School (SIS) is an academic institute whose purpose is to provide a challenging U. starting at. Discover the Best Christian Schools in South Korea. Age Range: 12 to 18. Dongguk University. Jan 3, 2024 · These schools include American, British, Canadian and IB curriculum international schools as well as international boarding schools for international students and expat parents looking for an alternative to the Korean public school system. Seoul International School. US & IB Curriculum. Max Class Size: Unknown. org. Jun 17, 2024 · 6. 285, Itaewon-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, South Korea. A huge bonus to expatriates and students in South Korea is the country’s rich cultural heritage. Tuition Payment Options; Seoul International School offers three payment options. Mar 29, 2022 · The cost of studying at a university in South Korea Best universities in South Korea International perspective: a British student in South Korea. Nov 17, 2020 · Founded in 1958, Taejon Christian International School (TCIS) offers day classes and a boarding school program for students. TCIS is fully-accredited as an IB World School and by the Western Association of 6189 Winter Garden-Vineland RdWindermere, Florida, 34786 USA. Thousands of students are attending Ajou and as of late, the school has been very welcoming to international students from across the globe. Up to 20 hours a week of part-time work is permitted while a student is enrolled in classes. STUDY ABROAD IN KOREA FOR 1 OR 2 SEMESTER (HANYANG UNIVERSITY) Study at Hanyang University’s ERICA Campus, located in Seoul. Strong rapport is formed between students through student-led club activities and oth For a better glimpse at what makes APIS so special, check their signature programs and its Hibiscus model of education. # =337. 22. 📍 Location: Seoul. Ex-pat and local families choose us for a high-quality English-speaking education 2+ High/Secondary School Scholarships, Fellowships and grants for international students in Korea, South. As of 5 February 2015, there are a total of 25,741 graduates. Staying true to its philosophy to foster “practical people and dedicated professionals,” KMU is today one of the largest universities in the metropolitan Seoul area. RANKINGS. The best way to discover if SIS is the best fit for your family is to visit the school. Our international faculty is dedicated to guiding students towards becoming global citizens who are prepared to make a positive impact in the world. 41. About 75% of the international students, I have helped to study in Japan have been guys, while about 75% of the students to Korea have been girls. Programs: Offers a range of undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate medical programs. 5 min. Sejong University. It is ranked #=76 in QS World University Rankings Students at Namseoul will get the opportunity to go on field trips to various countries and participate in international programs, benefiting from Namseoul’s partnership with over 21 different countries. Our current campus is spread over three buildings that include a swimming pool, three gyms, a TCIS International School & Boarding in Korea. *Prices are subject to change without notice due to exchange rates. The private, coeducational, college preparatory school was founded in 1983 as the first foreign language high school to be established in South Korea The Initial Registration Fee may be waived for students re-applying to SIS after a withdrawal within two SIS school years. Sep 28, 2022 · September 28, 2022 |. Kyung Hee University. Features of high school Korea summer program: The University of Seoul is one of the cheapest universities in South Korea for international students with tuition fees ranging from 4,774,391 KRW to 6,578,278 KRW per year for bachelor’s programs and between 6,239,085 KRW to 8,785,599 KRW per year fo rmaster’s programs. Focuses on training in a range of fine and applied arts. Discover The Best American Schools in South Korea. Here are the best global universities in South Korea. Yonsei University is one of the top private universities in Seoul, South Korea. Jun 29-Aug 11, 2024 (6-week) USD $7445. Email: songdo-admissions@chadwickschool. Jan 12, 2024 · Here’s our list of the top foreign schools and international schools in Seoul, South Korea in 2021 in no particular order from pre-k through to grade 12! Korea International School | Gangnam-gu, Seoul Mar 30, 2017 · Seoul's private high schools that accept students through application are planning to take foreigners next year, according to a new Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education policy announced List of 41 Best Schools in South Korea (2024 Fees) A country in East Asia, South Korea is known for being a technologically advanced country. For a senior student, only option 1 or 2 is available. Seoul National University (SNU) Yonsei University. starting. Education in Seoul includes six years of primary education, three years of middle school, and three years of high Jul 12, 2024 · South Korea education system. Jul 13, 2020 · Best Nursing Schools in South Korea 1. Learner-centered education: Konkuk University is very Konkuk University is one of the top private universities in Seoul, South Korea. Here at SIS, we have excellent facilities, fitness centers, multiple gyms Jul 5, 2023 · National Health Insurance Requirement. We’ve made the list of the best international schools in Seoul, Korea for the purpose that choosing the best education system for your children becomes easier for you. It was founded in 1906 and is one of the oldest universities in the country. CMIS Canada. Hanyang University is one of the top private universities in Seoul, South Korea. The founding vision of the university was to train and nurture students to lead a free and democratic Korea. We nurture lifelong learners with a strong foundation of academic skills, creativity, and the ability to work well both independently and in groups. Dongguk University is a private university in Seoul, South Korea. With a caring international faculty, TCIS delivers a Western-style, STEM+Arts-focused IB school experience to children in grades K-12. org, www. Show entries. Visit school website. Busan Arts College. Whether you’re interested in a semester, a summer school session Exchange tips about expat life in South Korea. 1. The school system is very test-focused and goal-oriented, urging Oct 8, 2023 · Location: Seoul, South Korea; Ranking: QS World University Rankings 2023 (801-1000) Accreditation: Ministry of Education of South Korea. It is accredited by WASC and ACSI. Kwangju Foreign School is a fully accredited International Foreign School located in Gwangju. While there are countless options, here are some of the top destinations in South Korea for foreign students. 7. Significant and ongoing renovations allow us to keep pace with the ever-changing needs on our instructional programs. Established in 1905, Korea University is one of the country’s oldest and most prominent higher education institutions. After gaining admission to the Seoul National University Interdisciplinary Programme: Global Education Cooperation, my biggest concerns were balancing my studies with work and family obligations, and language. 3. Sejong University is one of the top private universities in Seoul, South Korea. # 43. Hana Academy Seoul ( Korean : 하나고등학교; also Hana High School) is a private high school located in Seoul, South Korea. Jun 29-Jul 20, 2024 (3-week) USD $3945. StudyAbroadAide World Rankings. When Seoul International School first opened in 1973, it was the first foreign school since Korea's liberation from the Japanese annex to be fully recognized by the South Korean Ministry of Education. ₩12,144,355. Students spend much of their time, often between 12 to 16 hours per day, at school or at a special after-school academy called a hagwon. View availability and wait-list options. ‡ This fee acts as a deposit which is returned if all accounts have been settled in full, all school property has been returned, and a required notice has been given. Tuition Fee - paid in Korean Won. # 721-730. Jun 7, 2023. 19 hours ago · Seoul, Korea high school summer highlights: Major high school group in Seoul, Korea. "Perfect experience with the Green Korean Language School". 6,938,000 KRW - 9,136,000 KRW. Enter your preferences and find the best international school in Seoul for your children. 🌍 QS World Ranking: 29th. Maple Bear Global Schools. North London Collegiate School Jeju is a British and IB World International School in South Korea for girls and boys aged 4 - 18. The purpose of the High School Profile is to introduce YISS to colleges and universities to which our students may apply. 2. Since 1996, GCFS has been devoted to raising up global Christian leaders in grades K-12, serving expatriate families and preparing students to excel at the university level. Yearly fees - 2024/2025. Jan 3, 2024 · The Top 10 High Schools in Korea. Nov 8, 2023 · Why Study MBBS in South Korea. The basic construction of Korea’s education system is as follows: Compulsory education is composed of six years in elementary, three years in middle school, and three years in high school. Global Citizenship. Annual Bachelor’s International Tuition. # =396. View course details. YISS Class of 2023 Bids Farewell at Graduation. American Curriculum, International Baccalaureate. Kwangju Foreign School uses an American style curriculum for students in Pre-K through grade 12. NHI Center Contact Information: 033-811-2000 or 1577-1000 (and press 7 for foreign language service) The South Korean government requires all registered foreigners, including international students, to enroll in the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme if they do not have an alternate and accepted full Oct 21, 2022 · Seoul Institute of the Arts. Duksung Womens University. Estimated Acceptance Rate: 25-30%. Teachers are passionate about getting to know each and every student. It is ranked #721-730 in QS World University Rankings 2025. With an open Christian environment, GSIS welcomes students of all faiths from primary school (PK-5) through middle school (6-10) to diploma (11-12). The University’s academic breadth is broad with its 81 departments in 19 colleges and divisions, as well as 18 graduate schools. Since its founding in the year 2000, the school has grown to include three campuses, located in Gangnam in Seoul, Pangyo in Gyeonggi, and Jeju Island in southern Seoul. Yongsan International School of Seoul. Located in Seoul and the suburban area of Pangyo, KIS is committed to preparing its diverse student body for global challenges Mar 1, 2024 · List of Top ranked Universities / Colleges in South Korea for International Students. Hanyang University School of Law, positioned at 164 in the QS World University Rankings and as the 22nd top university in Eastern Asia, has cemented its status as a key player in the realm of legal education in South Korea. Founded in 1946, the university has grown both in physical structures and academics. Handong Global University. Degrees Offered: Undergraduate, MBA. Entrance Exams for New Applicants: January 15 – February 29, 2024. Jul 24, 2020 · Top Business Schools in South Korea. KHU’s College of Medicine is eminent in traditional Korean medicine and other medical practices in Asia. Dulwich College Seoul is a highly regarded international school in South Korea, offering a British-style education to students from kindergarten to Year 13. Firstly, CMIS is a small community, which allows us to form better relationships with our friends and teachers. As a school, we are committed to the idea that the growth of the At KKFS, our mission is to provide a nurturing and challenging learning environment that fosters the development of each student's unique talents and abilities. Kyungpook National University is a public educational institution based in Gyeongbuk, South Korea. In the 2021-2022 school year, SFS celebrates 40 years of offering the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme, making our High School the most experienced IB school in Korea. QS World University Rankings. Phone: +82-32-250-5000. These strong bonds add to a vibrant community life and lead to exceptional learning in our classrooms and beyond. International Bachelor's Tuition: 3,584,000 KRW to 4,496,000 KRW. The standard of Korean schools is really high, and private and public schools both provide a great quality of teaching. Type: Public research university; Established: 1946; Acceptance Rate: 20%; Accredited by: AACSB; Rank: Ranked 41st in QS World University Rankings 2024; Undergraduate Tuition Fees: $2,000 to USD 5,000 (per semester) Location: Seoul, South Korea Apr 16, 2024 · Hanyang University. Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU): Provides an innovative and internationalized legal education. Jul 21-Aug 11, 2024 (3-week) USD $3945. Yonsei University: Offers a comprehensive LL. QS WUR Ranking By Subject. YISS Class of 2023 overcomes the rain forecast and celebrates an unforgettable outdoor graduation. Day & Boarding School. Nestled in natural, park-like, wooded surroundings, KIS Seoul Campus is located in the urban area of Gangnam-gu, Seoul. English. Check this school. The Yonsei University Film School in South Korea is a top-notch institution for aspiring filmmakers. Daejeon, South Korea. Each school offers exceptional benefits and working conditions for teachers. Since its establishment, the university has produced thousands of professionals in various fields, including doctors and other healthcare professionals. City. Nov 19, 2020 · Gyeonggi Suwon International School (GSIS) is located in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do and provides international academic programs to international students guided by a Christian philosophy of education. Language of Instruction: Korean and English. Feb 29, 2024 · In my experience helping thousands of students to study in Japan and Korea, there is a big gender divide between the students going to these two countries. In Songdo, Incheon, Chadwick International School Korea International School provides a PK-12 standards-based education. % Cheaper than Average*. 4 to 18. Studying nursing at South Korea’s oldest and most prestigious university means joining a group of just under 40,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students on the university campus in Seoul. North London Collegiate School Jeju. South Korea Ranking. NLCS Jeju provides a stimulating and diverse experience in which every child is challenged and supported to realise their potential. Cheongna Dalton School tuition (an International School) is KRW 20,500,000 plus US $6,000 for the 2020-2021 school year while Seoul International School comes in at KRW 24,620,000 + US $6,294. In addition to a fairly decent salary, another reason that makes teaching in Korea so attractive, and Seoul, is that employers offer rent-free housing for their teachers. Jan 24, 2024 · Medical Universities in Seoul for International Students. #10 in South Korea. Seoul has been in the international limelight for years due to its outstanding school system, which has been consistently undergoing innovations. Dates & fees. With Apr 29, 2024 · 1. #61 in Asia. In addition to the diverse selection and high-level engineering courses, students can study economics, business Dec 19, 2023 · Korea University: Known for its strong law school, offering specialized programs in various legal fields. Taejon Christian International School. International students. Seoul National University. May 10, 2024 · International students at the school would also be exposed to up-to-date theoretical and practical instructions. It is a private college of arts in Dae Yeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea. With Asia Exchange, you can easily apply to Study in South Korea, at the most popular Korean universities for international students. The High School is a fantastic place to learn, to be challenged, and enjoy an environment that is both high-achieving and caring. All the key information about the 2 boarding International Schools in Seoul, South Korea: Extracurricular activies, if teachers are native, class sizes, fees, school bus availability, etc. May 30, 2024 · 1. Seoul Science High School. Curriculum. History. American, Christian. Seoul National University (SNU) 1. Top employers of Seoul include: Samsung, LG, Hyundai, Kia, Hite, Korea Exchange, IBM, PwC, Accenture, Oracle, General Electric. S. "Challenging but worth it. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 2. South Korea is home to globally recognized institutions for learning, from primary to tertiary education. We chose teachers through difficult procedures: 1st-document review, 2nd –interview, 3rd $299. HAS was established in 2010 by Hana Financial Group, one of the largest financial groups in South Korea. . Previous 1 Next. The current principal Lee Ki-seong was appointed on September 1, 2011, as the 16th principal of the school. Sep 4, 2023. Full list of High/Secondary School Scholarships, Fellowships and grants for International students in Korea, South- eligibility criteria, deadlines, application form, selection process & more! Apr 23, 2024 · 8. A complete list of international schools in Korea is accessible here. Applications for New Students: January 12 – February 8, 2024. Learn More. Green Korean Language School. 12%. Language of instruction. Director's Welcome. University. The school moved to its current location at Jongam-dong on November 6, 1971, and changed its name to the current Seoul National University High School on March 1, 2001. The campus is modern and well-equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, including science and computer labs, a performing arts center, and a sports complex. Teach Away has partnered with the best and most reputable private language schools in South Korea. Total Number of students - 34,753. Saint Paul Preparatory Seoul (SPPS) teachers are experts with hearts. 21%. Cheongna Dalton School. The curriculum is devised with a strong foundation in medical knowledge and skills, covering subjects like anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and clinical practice. Korea International School Korea International School (KIS) is an emblem of educational excellence in Korea, offering a robust North American curriculum for Pre-K to Grade 12 students since opening in 2000. Here is the list of affordable institutions in Seoul ordered by their tuition fee for international bachelor's students. curriculum to meet the primary and secondary educational needs of international students living in Seoul, Korea. Dulwich College Seoul. Final Admissions Decision for New Students: March English. Global Christian Foreign School is a foreign school located in the heart of Seoul, Korea in Hannam-dong. 4,921. Chung Dahm Learning. Taejon Christian International School is one of the top foreign schools in Korea. from 65650 to 67750 USD. The school is committed to the arts, humanities and sciences as the best preparation for higher education, for International Schools: Seoul ( Gyeonggido ) and Jeju. 4. 15. Seoul National University – SNU Business School. 1500 students. Our campus is surrounded by trees, parks, hiking trails and river paths; providing rich opportunities for exploring the locality via our Outdoor Education program. It is ranked #=396 in QS World University Rankings 2025. Taejon Christian International School was established in 1958. The capital of South Korea, Seoul is also the nation’s largest metropolitan area. The school offers both secular and Jun 8, 2021 · Seoul’s annual undergraduate tuition is about USD 6,500 (INR 53 Lakhs). May 21, 2024 · Top Medical Schools in South Korea. The SNU College of Medicine is not only the best medical school in Korea, but it is also considered the best in Asia (according to the US News Rankings). May 7, 2024 · You can find Ajou University in Suwon, which is 30 km south of the capital. Address: 45 Art center-daero 97 beon-gil Yongsan-gu Seoul. 15, Seongnam-daero South Korea 13113. Immersing yourself in Korean culture StudyAbroadAide World Rankings. The capital of South Korea, Seoul follows the national “education fever” which leads the city to continuously innovate and improve its school system. Daeil Foreign Language High School ( Korean : 대일외국어고등학교; Hanja : 大一外國語高等學校 ), located in Seoul, is one of the most prestigious high schools in South Korea. 1420 students. Intent Forms out to Returning Students: February 2, 2024. Founded: 1967 Yongsan International School of Seoul (YISS) is a kindergarten (age 5) to 12th grade college-preparatory private international school, operated under a joint agreement between the Korea Foreign Schools Foundation and the Network of International Christian Schools (NICS). Busan Arts College is one of the art schools in Korea, out of many, that holds a rigid stance when it comes to art. rh qq ud hj mm li kw xg ou af
